Encoding & Bytes Converter Privacy: All processing runs locally

Convert text, hex, binary, decimal bytes, octal bytes, Base64, ASCII codes, Unicode escapes, URL encoding, and HTML entities locally in your browser.

Output Options

Encoding: Separator: Prefix: Case: Strict mode

Input 0

Output 0

Bytes: 0 Characters: 0 Tokens: 0

Byte Breakdown

#	Hex	Dec	Binary	Oct	Char

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Understanding Encoding & Bytes

Text vs. Bytes

Text is characters — letters, digits, symbols, emoji. Computers store text as bytes using an encoding scheme. UTF-8 is the dominant encoding on the web, representing each character as 1 to 4 bytes.

UTF-8 Encoding

UTF-8 turns characters into bytes. ASCII characters (A-Z, 0-9, common punctuation) use one byte. Accented characters like ü use 2 bytes (C3 BC). Emoji like 🙂 use 4 bytes (F0 9F 99 82).

Byte Representations

Hex, binary, decimal, and octal are different ways to write the same bytes. Hex uses digits 0-9 and A-F (two digits per byte). Binary uses 0 and 1 (eight digits per byte). They represent the same underlying data.

ASCII

ASCII is a 7-bit character set with 128 values (0-127). It covers English letters, digits, and common punctuation. Characters beyond ASCII (like ü, €, emoji) require multi-byte UTF-8 encoding.

Base64

Base64 represents arbitrary bytes as safe text characters (A-Z, a-z, 0-9, +, /). It is an encoding, not encryption. Base64URL is a variant safe for URLs and tokens like JWTs.

Number Systems vs. Byte Encoding

This tool converts bytes between representations. For pure mathematical number conversion (e.g. "255 in binary is 11111111"), see the Number Base Converter.

FAQ

What is the difference between hex encoding and hexadecimal numbers?

Hex encoding represents each byte of text as two hex digits. Hexadecimal numbers are a mathematical base-16 representation of integers. "FF" as a byte means the byte value 255. "FF" as a hex number also means 255. The difference matters when encoding multi-byte text — for example, "ü" is two bytes (C3 BC), not a single number.

Why does "ü" become two hex bytes?

In UTF-8, characters outside ASCII require multiple bytes. The character ü (U+00FC) is encoded as the two bytes C3 BC. Each byte is shown as two hex digits.

Is this tool safe?

All conversions happen entirely in your browser. No data is sent to any server. You can verify this in your browser's DevTools Network tab.